Evolution of Africa’s Export Composition (2001–2023)

Africa’s exports reached $700 billion in 2023, with fuels, minerals, and metals forming the backbone of the continent's trade, totaling $480 billion (68% of total). Fuels and related products led the composition at $247 billion (35%), followed by precious metals and stones at $127 billion (18%), and other minerals and metals at $107 billion (15%). This export structure underscores Africa’s heavy reliance on natural resources.